por Santiago Ferro » 18 Feb 2010, 21:59
Para una m谩s completa informaci贸n de todos los foreros os copio y pego el resumen del art铆culo publicado en la revista del J.A.M.A. (Journal of American Medical Association), una de las revista m茅dicas de mayor prestigio y seriedad en todo el mundo. En ella solamente se publican art铆culos verdaderamente cient铆ficos que superan todas las revisiones de los respectivos comit茅s. Una persona que publique algo en el J.A.M.A. da a su curriculum un marchamo de la m谩s alta categor铆a y credibilidad en el mundo cient铆fico m茅dico. Con esto, se puede decir que el contenido de la publicaci贸n raya en el 100% de la credibilidad.
Como vereis, en el art铆culo no se dice que Tutankhamon sea hijo de Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) sino de la momia del KV55 y de la de KV35XL. Queda por tanto abierto todo el camino a los debates sobre la identidad de estos personajes. M谩s adelante, si lo consigo, os pondr茅 el art铆culo completo.
L谩stima que est谩 en ingl茅s, pero creo que con un peque帽o esfuerzo todos seremos capaces de entender lo que dice. Y, si no a molestar al amigo que sabe ingl茅s para que nos lo traduzca.
Saludos.
Santiago
El Resumen tomado directamente de la revista en Internet:
Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family
Zahi Hawass, PhD; Yehia Z. Gad, MD; Somaia Ismail, PhD; Rabab Khairat, MSc; Dina Fathalla, MSc; Naglaa Hasan, MSc; Amal Ahmed, BPharm; Hisham Elleithy, MA; Markus Ball, MSc; Fawzi Gaballah, PhD; Sally Wasef, MSc; Mohamed Fateen, MD; Hany Amer, PhD; Paul Gostner, MD; Ashraf Selim, MD; Albert Zink, PhD; Carsten M. Pusch, PhD
JAMA. 2010;303(7):638-647.
Context The New Kingdom in ancient Egypt, comprising the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties, spanned the mid-16th to the early 11th centuries BC. The late 18th dynasty, which included the reigns of pharaohs Akhenaten and Tutankhamun, was an extraordinary time. The identification of a number of royal mummies from this era, the exact relationships between some members of the royal family, and possible illnesses and causes of death have been matters of debate.
Objectives To introduce a new approach to molecular and medical Egyptology, to determine familial relationships among 11 royal mummies of the New Kingdom, and to search for pathological features attributable to possible murder, consanguinity, inherited disorders, and infectious diseases.
Design From September 2007 to October 2009, royal mummies underwent detailed anthropological, radiological, and genetic studies as part of the King Tutankhamun Family Project. Mummies distinct from Tutankhamun's immediate lineage served as the genetic and morphological reference. To authenticate DNA results, analytical steps were repeated and independently replicated in a second ancient DNA laboratory staffed by a separate group of personnel. Eleven royal mummies dating from circa 1410-1324 BC and suspected of being kindred of Tutankhamun and 5 royal mummies dating to an earlier period, circa 1550-1479 BC, were examined.
Main Outcome Measures Microsatellite-based haplotypes in the mummies, generational segregation of alleles within possible pedigree variants, and correlation of identified diseases with individual age, archeological evidence, and the written historical record.
Results Genetic fingerprinting allowed the construction of a 5-generation pedigree of Tutankhamun's immediate lineage. The KV55 mummy and KV35YL were identified as the parents of Tutankhamun. No signs of gynecomastia and craniosynostoses (eg, Antley-Bixler syndrome) or Marfan syndrome were found, but an accumulation of malformations in Tutankhamun's family was evident. Several pathologies including K枚hler disease II were diagnosed in Tutankhamun; none alone would have caused death. Genetic testing for STEVOR, AMA1, or MSP1 genes specific for Plasmodium falciparum revealed indications of malaria tropica in 4 mummies, including Tutankhamun鈥檚. These results suggest avascular bone necrosis in conjunction with the malarial infection as the most likely cause of death in Tutankhamun. Walking impairment and malarial disease sustained by Tutankhamun is supported by the discovery of canes and an afterlife pharmacy in his tomb.
Conclusion Using a multidisciplinary scientific approach, we showed the feasibility of gathering data on Pharaonic kinship and diseases and speculated about individual causes of death.